Simple Model;
Two level system
Dilute Gas
Approximations
Ø  Two level system
Ø  Electric dipole
Ø  Rotating wave
Laser Beam
Ø  A plane traveling wave
Ø  Linearly polarized
Ø  Intensity is low
Polarization is parallel
to dipole moment
Ref: W. Demtröder, Laser Spectroscopy. (Springer, 2002)